A hydrocele is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, this condition occurs when there is an imbalance between the production and absorption of fluid in the scrotum. It includes swelling of the scrotum, a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the affected.

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. It typically results in a bulge or protrusion that can be seen or felt under the skin. Hernias can occur in various parts of the body, but the most common types are inguinal hernias (in the groin area) and hiatal hernias (in the upper stomach).

Fibroid myomectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove fibroids from the uterus. Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are noncancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. Myomectomy is specifically targeted at removing the fibroids while preserving the uterus, making it a suitable option for women who wish to retain their fertility or keep their uterus intact.

Anal fissure surgery refers to a surgical procedure performed to treat anal fissures, which are small tears or cuts in the lining of the anus. Surgery is typically considered when conservative treatments have failed to provide relief or if the fissure is chronic and not healing on its own.

Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. They are made up of substances such as cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts. Gallstones can vary in size and number, ranging from tiny grains to larger stones.